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26. Abbe Guillaume Raynal

The French writer whose critique of European colonialism called for justice and humanity in a global context. ...

27. Abbe Gabriel Mably

The philosopher and historian whose ideas on equality and justice challenged the status quo of his time. A friend of John Adams and...

28. Niccolo Machiavelli

The political strategist who revealed the darker side of power in “The Prince,” and whose “Discourses on Livy” taught the Founders the key...

29a. Emer de Vattel

The Swiss legal theorist whose work on international law influenced the formation of nations and the conduct of states. His Law of Nations...

29b. Emer de Vattel

The Swiss legal theorist whose work on international law influenced the formation of nations and the conduct of states. His Law of Nations...

30. William Petyt

The legal antiquarian whose writings on the history of Parliament and liberty were foundational for later constitutional thought. ...

31. Voltaire

The French Enlightenment writer whose sharp wit and advocacy for civilliberties made him a champion of free thought. ...

32. John Robinson

The pastor and leader of the Pilgrims who guided them with wisdom and faith through their journey to the New World. ...

33a. Algernon Sidney

The republican martyr whose Discourses Concerning Government argued passionately for liberty and against tyranny and was considered the handbook of the War for...

33b. Algernon Sidney

The republican martyr whose Discourses Concerning Government argued passionately for liberty and against tyranny and was considered the handbook of the War for...

34. John Somers

The statesman and lawyer whose work on the Bill of Rights helped to cement the principles of constitutional government. ...

35. James Harrington

The political theorist whose The Commonwealth of Oceana envisioned a republican society governed by reason and equality, where private property promoted peace among...

36. Paul de Rapin-Thoyras

The historian whose History of England provided a comprehensive and influential account of the storied past of England and how liberty and good...